Content Validity Ratio (CVR)
VerifiedReliability (legacy hub)
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Content Validity Ratio — Lawshe's index of how essential experts judge each item to be.
CVR runs from −1 to +1 based on how many experts call an item 'essential'; items below a panel-size-dependent critical value are candidates for removal.
Worked example
Which items do experts consider essential?
Twelve experts rated each item as essential / useful / not necessary; Lawshe's CVR is computed per item.
15 of 20 items exceeded the critical CVR (.56 for 12 experts) and were retained.
Fifteen items met Lawshe's CVR threshold (> .56), supporting their retention.
Try it yourself: Load this ready-made sample and follow the run above.
When to use it
- Lawshe's essential-item methodExperts judge each item essential / useful / not necessary and you want the ratio favouring 'essential'. e.g. 12 experts, 20 items.
- Panel-size-calibrated retentionCVR is compared against a critical value that depends on how many experts rated — built into the decision.
When NOT to — use instead
- Experts rated relevance, not essentialnessA relevant/not judgement is the CVI's format. → Content Validity Index
- Graded 1–5 ratingsUse the rescaled agreement index. → Aiken's V
Assumptions (and what to do if they fail)
Check: The CVR cut-off falls as the panel grows (e.g. ≈ .56 at 12 experts); use the value for your actual n.
If violated: Applying the wrong critical value keeps bad items or drops good ones.
Check: Items are rated essential / useful-but-not-essential / not necessary — CVR is defined for exactly this format.
If violated: A different rating format does not map onto Lawshe's formula.
Check: Experts judge essentialness without conferring.
If violated: Shared judgements inflate the essential count and the ratio.
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